Dry skin, also known as xeroderma, is a very common condition that causes small fine flakes and dry patches. Itching is one of the most common symptoms of dry skin. Scratching may be hard to resist. Dry skin is more common in colder winter months and drier climates. Mature skin is more prone to dryness than younger people. Dry skin is more common in individuals with a history of eczema, atopic dermatitis, allergies, or asthma. The skin in elderly individuals tends to have diminished amounts of natural skin oils and lubricants. Areas such as the arms, hands, and particularly lower legs tend to be more affected by dry skin. Dryness of the skin is affected by the amount of water vapor in the surrounding air, the humidity. Dry skin is also known as xerosis. A good moisturizer and a gentle cleanser are both important and should be used as part of the daily skincare routine for dry skin.

It's estimated that over 1/3 of the U.S. population has dry skin conditions. This common and typically mild condition can be caused by both external and internal factors. External factors include environmental factors such as sun array exposure or weather. Low humidity winter days often result in drier skin compared to other seasons of the year. Constant exposure to harsh cleansing products or skin irritants could easily lead to dry skin. Certain medications, including retinoids for the skin, or antihistamines may also lead to dry skin as a potential side effect. Internal factors include age, hormonal changes, overall health, hereditary components, or certain illness such as eczema.